Deadly weather will be hitting the U.S. more often, and America had better get better at dealing with it, experts said as Texas and other states battled winter storms that blew past the worst-case planning of utilities, governments and millions of shivering citizens.
This week's storms — with more still heading east — fit a pattern of worsening extremes under climate change and demonstrate anew that local, state and federal officials have failed to do nearly enough to prepare for greater and more dangerous weather.
At least two dozen people have died this week, including from fire or carbon monoxide poisoning while struggling to find warmth inside their homes. In Oklahoma City, an Arctic blast plunged temperatures in the state capital as low as 14 degrees below 0 (-25 Celsius).
"This is a different kind of storm,'' said Kendra Clements, one of several businesspeople in Oklahoma City who opened their buildings to shelter homeless people, some with frostbite, hypothermia and icicles in their hair. It was also a harbinger of what social service providers and governments say will be a surge of increased needs for society's most vulnerable as climate and natural disasters worsen.
Other Americans are at risk as well. Power supplies of all sorts failed in the extreme cold, including natural gas-fired power plants that were knocked offline amid icy conditions and, to a smaller extent, wind turbines that froze and stopped working. More than 100 million people live in areas under winter weather warnings, watches or advisories, and blackouts are expected to continue in some parts of the country for days.
The crisis sounded an alarm for power systems throughout the country: As climate change worsens, severe conditions that go beyond historical norms are becoming ever more common. Texas, for example, expects power demand to peak in the heat of summer, not the depths of winter, as it did this week.
The storms are big news this week, especially in light of their effect on COVID-19 vaccinations as well as freezing Americans, but that doesn't mean they won't become more common, experts say.
"This definitely was an anomaly,'' but one that is likely to occur more frequently as a result of climate change, said Sara Eftekharnejad, assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Syracuse University.
"There probably needs to be better planning, because we're starting to see more extreme weather events across the country,'' she said, whether it's severe cold in Texas or the intense heat wave in California last year that fueled deadly wildfires.
The disaster in Texas and other states "is a reminder that our nation's critical infrastructure is vulnerable to extreme weather events and we can no longer turn a blind eye to the resiliency investments needed to protect it,'' said Sen. Tom Carper, D-Del., chairman of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, who met with Biden at the White House last week.

City of Richardson worker Kaleb Love breaks ice on a frozen fountain Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Richardson, Texas. Temperatures dropped into the single digits as snow shut down air travel and grocery stores. (AP Photo/LM Otero)

Two people walk down the middle of a snow covered street on W Cornelia Ave in in the Lakeview neighborhood, Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, after a snowstorm in Chicago. A winter storm has blanketed parts of the Chicago area with up to a foot and a half of snow, shuttering schools to in-person classes Tuesday as officials urged residents to stay off the snow-filled roads. (Anthony Vazquez /Chicago Sun-Times via AP)

In this aerial photo, a Safeway market has a partially collapsed roof, Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Troutdale, Ore., due to added weight of snow and ice from a weekend winter storm. (Dave Killen/The Oregonian via AP)

In this aerial photo, a large tree rests along homes, Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Portland, Ore., after a weekend winter storm toppled it. (Dave Killen/The Oregonian via AP)

A resident poses by a large ice-covered tree along NE 24th Avenue, Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Portland, Ore., after a weekend winter storm toppled it. (Beth Nakamura/The Oregonian via AP)

Sara Mihalo clears a path of snow between snow banks on either side of the sidewalk near her home t in Wauwatosa, Wis., Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021. A lake-effect snowstorm that began Monday night dropped upwards of 15 inches of snow on some parts of southeast Wisconsin. (Mike De Sisti/Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel via AP)

Natalie Harrell holds her sleeping daughter, Natasha Tripeaux while sitting in a recliner at a Gallery Furniture store after the owner opened his business as a shelter for those without power at homes Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Houston. More than 4 million people in Texas still had no power a full day after historic snowfall and single-digit temperatures created a surge of demand for electricity to warm up homes unaccustomed to such extreme lows, buckling the state's power grid and causing widespread blackouts. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

A man seeking shelter from sup-freezing temperatures paces through a make-shift warming shelter at Travis Park Methodist Church, Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in San Antonio. (AP Photo/Eric Gay)

A woman makes her way down 5th Street Hill passed downed trees and telephone lines on Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Huntington, W.Va., following a second winter weather system that ripped through the Tri-State area, leaving thousands without power. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

A man attempts to clear a fallen tree from his backyard on Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Huntington, W.Va., following a second winter weather system that ripped through the Tri-State area, leaving thousands without power. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

Erin O'Neill pauses with her horse "Goose" after an hour ride into town on Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in the town of Chesapeake, in Kanawha County, W.Va. The roads from her home were blocked by fallen trees following a second winter weather system that ripped through the Tri-State area, leaving thousands without power. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

Two men climb over downed trees as they head out to retrieve gas for generators, Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Huntington, W.Va., following a winter weather system. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

A vehicle moves down a snow covered 5th Street Hill on Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Huntington, W.Va., following a winter weather system. (Sholten Singer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

This aerial photo shows the devastation Tuesday Feb. 16, 2021, in the Ocean Ridge Plantation area of Brunswick County, N.C. following a tornado. (Ken Blevins/The Star-News via AP)

Farmer Randy Cree watches his cattle drink from a hole in the ice on a pond near Big Springs, Kan., Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021. The area is under a winter weather advisory. (AP Photo/Orlin Wagner)

This aerial photo shows the devastation Tuesday Feb. 16, 2021, in the Ocean Ridge Plantation area of Brunswick County, N.C. following a tornado. (Ken Blevins/The Star-News via AP)

Deborah Byrd gives her chickens fresh water after it froze on Feb. 16, 2021, in Austin, Texas. Byrd has been without electricity since early Monday morning and has been staying warm by bundling in down comforters. She said she's not happy with whoever is in charge of the power grid. "Scientists have been saying for 20 years that we're going to have weather extremes and we've seen weather extremes all over the country and all over the world in recent years," she said. Byrd said she would have been fine with a rolling blackout so she could at least warm her house but that hasn't been an option for her. (Ana Ramirez/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

John David Carson, 36, sweeps snow from his porch on Feb. 16, 2021, in Austin, Texas. Carson has been without electricity since early Monday morning. He has a rabbit that he's worried about and has been heating up water bottles for the pet to keep warm. (Ana Ramirez/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

A man seeking shelter from the cold embraces his dog Dittle D Bear while resting at a warming shelter, Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Odessa, Texas. The man who declined to give his real name was a traveler that arrived the night before and stated he was in Odessa this time last year. (Eli Hartman/Odessa American via AP)

Jorge Sanhueza-Lyon stands on his kitchen counter to warm his feet over his gas stove Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Austin, Texas. Power was out for thousands of central Texas residents after temperatures dropped into the single digits when a snow storm hit the area on Sunday night. (AP Photo/Ashley Landis)

Snow is piled up on a swing Tuesday morning, Feb. 16, 2021, in La Porte, Ind., after a heavy overnight snowfall. Officially between 5-8 inches fell across the county overnight, but lake effect snow was adding to that total in some areas. (Amanda Haverstick/The News Dispatch via AP)

Carlos Jackson zips up the tent he is living in with two other homeless men at Forest Lane and Central Expressway on Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Dallas. Temperatures have dropped to record lows a winter storm brought snow and freezing temperatures to North Texas this week. Jackson's tent-mate, Juan Guerra, said they tried to find a hotel room last night but found none available. (Smiley N. Pool/The Dallas Morning News via AP)

People watch as ice flows along the Mississippi River near Chain of Rocks Bridge Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Madison County, Ill. The region has been plunged into the deep freeze with brutally cold temperatures and more snow in the forecast. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson)

Water flows past rocks covered in ice along a frozen Mississippi River near Chain of Rocks Bridge Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Madison County, Ill. The region has been plunged into the deep freeze with brutally cold temperatures and more snow in the forecast. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson)

A couple looks out over the frozen Mississippi River near Chain of Rocks Bridge Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Madison County, Ill. The region has been plunged into the deep freeze with brutally cold temperatures and more snow in the forecast. (AP Photo/Jeff Roberson)

Sarah Olson of Edinboro walks her dog Zion on Feb. 16, 2021 on the campus of Edinboro University of Pennsylvania. A winter storm system spared the Erie region from larger-than expected snow totals. (Jack Hanrahan/Erie Times-News via AP)

Jeremy Bixby shovels snow out of his driveway in the BlackHawk neighborhood in Pflugerville, Texas, on Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 8 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Howard Mamu shovels snow at the Glennwood in Hutto, Texas, Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021. The worst U.S. power outages were in Texas, affecting more than 2 million homes and businesses. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

People wait in line to purchase food and snacks in the morning at a gas station in Pflugerville, Texas, Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 8 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Snow flies up around Julius Myers, 54 of Flint, as he sleds at Southwestern Classical Academy Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Flint, Mich., after more than 9 inches of snow fell overnight. "Playing in the snow keeps you young," said Myers, who joined his 5-year-old grandson Cam Weatherford on the hill for hours. It was the same hill Myers would sled at his age. "Feels like the same snow all those years ago. This makes me feel like a kid again." (Jake May/MLive.com/The Flint Journal via AP)

A cascade of snow pummels Flint, Mich., resident Aliesha Gilmore, left, and her 7-year-old daughter Mackenzie Metevier while the duo sleds at Southwestern Classical Academy Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Flint, Mich., after more than 9 inches of snow fell overnight. (Jake May/MLive.com/The Flint Journal via AP)

Michelle DeFord bundles up in a blanket to stay warm outside the warming shelter at the George R. Brown Convention Center, where she is staying during the frigid cold weather Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Houston. Temperatures stayed below freezing Tuesday. (Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via AP)

People line up to fill their empty propane tanks Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2021, in Houston. Temperatures stayed below freezing Tuesday, and many residents were without electricity. (Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via AP)

Avett Archibad, 8, helps his brother Sanders, 6, and sister Luella, 10, built an igloo in their front yard of their home in the BlackHawk neighborhood in Pflugerville, Texas, Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 24 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Howard and Nena Mamu eat dinner at their home in the Glenwood neighborhood in Hutto, Texas, Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021. Anger over Texas’ power grid failing in the face of a record winter freeze mounted Tuesday as millions of residents in the energy capital of the U.S. remained shivering with no assurances that their electricity and heat — out for 36 hours or longer in many homes — would return soon or stay on once it finally does. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

A man peers out from under a blanket while trying to stay warm in below freezing temperatures Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Houston. A winter storm dropping snow and ice sent temperatures plunging across the southern Plains, prompting a power emergency in Texas a day after conditions canceled flights and impacted traffic across large swaths of the U.S. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

Ice hangs from a buildings fire escape in Downtown Cincinnati on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. The National Weather Service issued a winter storm warning starting Monday and going through Tuesday with heavy snow expected. (Albert Cesare /The Cincinnati Enquirer via AP)

A sudden heavy bout of snow and frozen rain makes visibility low on MS Hwy. 463 in Madison, Miss., early Monday morning, Feb. 15, 2021. According to the National Weather Service in Jackson, Miss., a winter storm warning continues for all counties. (Barbara Gauntt/The Clarion-Ledger via AP)

Same Reals, left, and Tyler Panko run shirtless through Wichita, Kan., Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. Reals said he tries to run a 5k on the coldest day of the year. The temperature during their run was -3, with a wind chill of -11. Frigid temperatures continue to grip with the middle of the continent. (Travis Heying/The Wichita Eagle via AP)

Horses wait for the ice to be broken in their water trough in Bastop County, Texas, as the sun rises Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. The area saw 4-6 inches of snow and below freezing temperatures. (Nell Carroll/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

A sign is covered in ice and snow Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Houston. A winter storm dropping snow and ice sent temperatures plunging across the southern Plains, prompting a power emergency in Texas a day after conditions canceled flights and impacted traffic across large swaths of the U.S. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

People push a car free after spinning out in the snow Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in Waco, Texas. A winter storm that brought snow, ice and plunging temperatures across the southern Plains and caused a power emergency in Texas stretched its frigid fingers down to the Gulf Coast. (Jerry Larson/Waco Tribune-Herald via AP)

Snow and ice coat tree branches Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, at Tiscornia Park in St.Joseph, Mich.(Don Campbell/The Herald-Palladium via AP)

Icicles hang from Jeffery Hemmer's beard as he walks the 26th mile of his 40 mile rucking journey near his home in Fairview, Il. on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. Today is Hemmer's 40th birthday and he chose to celebrate it by going out into the snow at 4 a.m. carrying 40lbs of weight to complete a 40 mile rucking journey in a winter storm warning. (Cheyenne Boone/St. Louis Post-Dispatch via AP)

Waverly McKenna, 6 (bottom) gets a push form her father Mike McKenna sledding during heavy snow storm in Memphis, Tenn., on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. (Mark Weber/Daily Memphian via AP)

A bird perches on a frozen limb in Memphis, Tenn. as below freezing temperatures grip the Mid-South on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. (Joe Rondone/The Commercial Appeal via AP)

Mason Adolf, 13, plays hockey in his driveway as his dog, Whiskey, watches Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Nolensville, Tenn. Much of Tennessee was hit with a winter storm that brought freezing rain, snow, sleet and freezing temperatures. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey)

Lia Ubidia, right, and her son, Andrew Velarde, carry groceries as they walk home through the snow Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Houston. A frigid blast of winter weather across the U.S. plunged Texas into an unusually icy emergency Monday that knocked out power to more than 2 million people and shut down grocery stores and dangerously snowy roads. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

Freya carries a stick back to her owner, Ally Graziani of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while playing fetch at Ritter Park after a winter storm on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Huntington, W.Va. (Ryan Fischer/The Herald-Dispatch via AP)

Traffic is sparse on the snow-covered I-45 near The Woodlands Parkway following an overnight snowfall Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in The Woodlands, Texas. Temperatures plunged into the teens Monday with light snow and freezing rain. (Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via AP)

Icicles hang on a watch for ice on bridge road sign Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in Houston. A winter storm making its way from the southern Plains to the Northeast is affecting air travel. (Melissa Phillip/Houston Chronicle via AP)

A Home Depot parking lot is covered in snow in the Westbury neighborhood, Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Houston. A winter storm making its way from the southern Plains to the Northeast is affecting air travel. (Mark Mulligan/Houston Chronicle via AP)

Rain begins to fall as the snow melts on boats at the Port of Everett Marina on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in Everett, Wash. (Andy Bronson/The Herald via AP)

Matt Kolinek and Arturo Paz, 19, remove snow from their walkway in the BlackHawk neighborhood in Pflugerville, Texas on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 8 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Sanders Archibad,6, helps his brother Avett, 8, remove snow from their front door. Snow covers the BlackHawk neighborhood in Pflugerville, Texas on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 8 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Bryce (who wants just to be identified by his first name) walks to his friend's home as snow covers the BlackHawk neighborhood in Pflugerville, Texas on Monday morning Feb. 15, 2021. Most homes in the area were without power for nearly 8 hours. Atmos Energy and other power companies were performing rotating outages to protect the electric grid. (Ricardo B. Brazziell/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Annie Boon, 5, creates a snow angel while sledding with her family in Austin on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. (Bronte Wittpenn/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

Snow blankets a neighborhood in Austin on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. After a heavy night of snow, the National Weather Service has received reports from around Central Texas of snowfall totals as high as half a foot. (Bronte Wittpenn/Austin American-Statesman via AP)

A line of vehicles travel south on Interstate 55 in north Jackson, Miss., Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, as light snow mixed with sleet, and rain continue to cover much of the state. While the highway has several lanes, some drivers preferred to follow an established trail. The National Weather Service forecasts temperatures barely hovering at 20 degrees Fahrenheit, and likely slipping into the single digits by Tuesday morning. A winter storm warning continues throughout the state. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis)

Mackenzie Ribble, Nikki Ribble, and Makayla Ribble, cross Market Street during a snow storm in downtown St. Louis on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. The brutally cold weather is expected to continue through Saturday with more snow in the forecast for Wednesday and Thursday. Nikki Ribble brought her daughters to St. Louis for a volleyball tournament being held at America's Center. The family is from Iowa. (David Carson/St. Louis Post-Dispatch via AP)

A pedestrian crosses Market Street during a snow storm in downtown St. Louis on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021. The brutally cold weather is expected to continue through Saturday with more snow in the forecast for Wednesday and Thursday. (David Carson/St. Louis Post-Dispatch via AP)

Icicles form on a citrus tree from a sprinkler system used to protect the trees from the freezing temperatures on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in Edinburg, Texas. A sprawling blast of winter weather across the U.S. plunged Texas into an unusually snowy emergency Monday that knocked out power for more than 2 million people, shut down grocery stores and air travel and closed schools ahead of frigid days still to come.(Delcia Lopez/The Monitor via AP)

Baylor University students enjoy their snow day without classes while posing near a fountain on campus Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Waco, Texas. Arctic temperatures caused a massive power outage and brought traffic to a crawl. (Rod Aydelotte/Waco Tribune Herald via AP)

A camera flash illuminates snow near icicles Monday, Feb. 15 at the Rum Village Nature Center in South Bend, Ind.. (Michael Caterina/South Bend Tribune via AP)

Snow falls near the Courthouse Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 at the Rum Village Nature Center in South Bend, Ind.. (Michael Caterina/South Bend Tribune via AP)

A man crosses a street as temperatures drop below 0 degrees Fahrenheit Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in downtown Kansas City, Mo. Temperatures were expected to drop to -9 degrees overnight as a winter storm passes through the region. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)

Shrubbery around the city is covered in ice as a winter storm brings snow and freezing temperatures to North Texas on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Dallas.(Lola Gomez/The Dallas Morning News via AP)

Wesley Brown has a little fun with his four wheeler on the icy streets Monday, Feb. 15, 2021 in Tupelo, Miss. as much of North Mississippi was hit by a winter storm that brought sleet and freezing rain across the area. (Thomas Wells/Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal via AP)

These Jackson, Miss., siblings turn a cardboard box into a sled as they take turns sliding down a steep driveway leading onto an inclined street in northeast Jackson, Miss., Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, as light snow mixed with sleet, and rain continue to cover much of the state. The National Weather Service forecasts temperatures barely hovering at 20 degrees Fahrenheit, and likely slipping into the single digits by Tuesday morning. A winter storm warning continues throughout the state. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis)

Dan Bryant and his wife Anna huddle by the fire with sons Benny, 3, and Sam, 12 weeks, along with their dog Joey, also wearing two doggie sweaters, with power out and temperatures dropping inside their home after a winter storm brought snow and freezing temperatures to North Texas on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, in Garland, Texas. The Bryant's, who lost power Monday morning, were wearing outdoor winter clothes, down to snow boots, hat, and ski pants, and even their dog Joey had two doggie sweaters. More than 2 million Texans were without power after the winter storm prompted outages. (Smiley N. Pool/The Dallas Morning News via AP)
What to do after a winter storm

More than 3 million people were still without power Feb. 17, following a winter storm that ripped through the central and southern United States from Minnesota to Texas and surroundings. Texas was hit the hardest and residents there experienced the highest rate of power outages. The storm was expected to hit other parts of Texas, Arkansas, and the Lower Mississippi Valley ahead of traveling toward the Northeast Feb. 18.
For people living in warmer climates, blizzards, ice storms, snowstorms, and other winter-related weather events may not seem as threatening as other natural disasters. You just wait out the snow and you’re fine, right? Not necessarily. Ice, sleet, snow, and extreme cold can be just as deadly as fires or hurricanes—especially if you underestimate them.
Most of us know how to prepare for a winter storm: if possible park your car inside if you drive (bonus points if you leave a snow brush/ice scraper in the trunk); own a working shovel and a bag of sand or other eco-friendly rock salt alternative; make sure your heating is working and sufficiently fueled up if applicable; service your generator; buy groceries ahead of time; dig out warm socks, gloves, hats, and blankets; locate flashlights and candles, and charge up all your devices in case of potential power outages.
But what do you do after the storm? Even after the snow stops, you can still feel the nasty—and often dangerous—effects. Frozen pipes, freezing temperatures, power loss, and black ice are just a few of the hazards. The key to staying safe is remaining cautious even after you think you’re in the clear.
Consider that heading out to shovel snow puts you at risk for several reasons. Overexertion can lead to heart issues—heart attacks in winter months are a major cause of death. Leaving skin exposed to the elements can result in frostbite. Remaining in wet clothes leads to a loss of body heat and increases the odds of hypothermia.
Stacker compiled recommendations from the National Weather Service, the Department of Homeland Security, and other experts to put together this list of steps to take after a winter storm hits. Whether you need a refresher, a checklist, or a boost of confidence if you’re already on top of all of these suggestions, we’re here to help you brush up on what to do and how to prepare for the aftermath of a winter storm.
Read on for tips on preventing illness, shoveling snow safely, assessing damage to your property, and more.
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Monitor the weather closely

Stay informed about the latest weather conditions by watching local news or listening to NOAA weather radio. Even after you think the danger has passed, it’s important to know about road closures, changing weather patterns, and other community alerts. Local emergency services can provide updates if you sign up, or you can download a variety of apps for smartphones such as with FEMA or the American Red Cross emergency app.
Avoid walking or driving on ice and snow

Just because the snow is no longer falling doesn’t mean it’s safe to drive. Snow can melt, then refreeze at night, creating an even slicker sheet of ice. Black ice—nearly invisible patches of frozen dew—can also create dangerous road conditions. If possible, wait until all the snow and ice melts to venture outside, either on foot or in your car. Alternatively, you can buy a bag of sand or other eco-friendly alternatives to rock salt to sprinkle on walkways and steps to accelerate the process or help with snow and ice removal.
Check on animals and people who require special assistance

After a storm hits, check on your pets and livestock to make sure they still have food, water, and heat. If you’re able, call any neighbors, relatives, or friends who may need help, such as the elderly and people with disabilities.
Let your loved ones know you’re safe

The National Weather Service recommends reaching out to loved ones ahead of winter storms you may have to travel through to let them know your route and emergency plan. Whether you follow this precaution before driving or if you’re home with anticipated power outages, don’t forget to follow up. Get in touch with friends and family after the storm has passed to update them and let them know you’re OK. Power outages may cause limited coverage in cell areas, so be sure to try again after an hour to see if coverage has improved.
Conserve food and water

Even if the snow has stopped, you might not be able to get to the grocery store safely. Conserve food and other supplies until you know for sure that you’ll be able to buy more. You should also check with your local water company to ensure that the water is safe to drink before using it, as excess precipitation from storms can contaminate the water supply.
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If you’re stranded in a car, wait for the storm to pass completely

If the storm caught you unaware and you were forced to shelter in your parked car, wait until the storm ends to leave. Never set out on foot when snow is still falling. Anyone who has vehicles in four-season climates ought to make or buy a basic emergency kit for the car that includes a flashlight, hand warmers, a multi-wick candle (or two), waterproof matches, blanket, a small shovel, and snow scraper. Hand warmers and candles are particularly important for preventing frostbite while you wait for the weather to improve: A multi-wick candle can heat a car for up to 24 hours, rendering it a life-saving tool in sub-freezing conditions.
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Find the nearest shelter

If your heat goes off during a winter storm, you may be forced to find somewhere else to stay. Text SHELTER and your zip code to 43362 (4FEMA) to find the closest shelter in your area. Chances are if your home loses heat and power, your neighbors are in the same position, so remember to check on them and their safety as well—particularly the elderly, the disabled, or homes with young children.
Dress for the weather

Wear lightweight layers of warm, dry, loose-fitting clothes to stay warm and prevent frostbite and hypothermia (more on both of these to come). Don’t forget your boots, mittens, and a hat. If you shovel, quickly change out of any wet clothes, which make your body extra susceptible to losing heat, and wrap yourself in a blanket. Scarves are also a great measure to protect lungs against cold air.
Shovel snow carefully

It’s easy to overexert yourself in extreme temperatures. If you need to shovel snow, use proper form to prevent injury to your back. You should also take breaks every 15 to 20 minutes to stretch your back and prevent exhaustion. Overexertion can also lead to heart attacks, a major cause of death in the winter.
Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia

If you spend any time in extremely cold temperatures, you should pay attention to signs of frostbite and hypothermia. Your skin will turn white or gray, feel firm or wavy, and go numb as frostbite sets in. Telltale signs of hypothermia in adults include shivering, exhaustion, confusion, memory loss, slurred speech, and drowsiness. In children, it may present as bright red skin that’s cold to the touch or extreme energy loss.
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Use flashlights rather than candles

If your power goes out, use battery-powered flashlights or headlamps from your emergency kit to light your way instead of candles. Open flames can easily cause accidental injuries or fires during storms.
Check for downed power lines near your home

Once the storm passes, survey the scene outside before you leave the safety of your home. Look for downed power lines that may have been felled by high winds or heavy snow. If you see any, report them to your local power company immediately and do not go outside. Electricity might still be coursing through the lines.
Look for broken windows

You should also check your home for broken windows. Not only can the shattered glass be dangerous, but openings can also let in cold air and cause the temperature to drop. If you find any broken windows, cover them with plywood and taped-up blankets to temporarily block out the weather.
Call a plumber to inspect your pipes

Frozen pipes can cause up to $15,000 dollars in damage—especially if you don’t catch the problem until its too late. If you suspect that your pipes might be frozen, turn off the water supply and get a plumber to inspect them as soon as possible.
Look for ceiling leaks

After storms, frozen gutters and ice dams on the roof will slowly melt as the temperature rises, leaking in through the shingles and into your home. Inspect every inch of your ceiling for leaks. If you see any potential structural damage, find somewhere else to stay or at least move your family to the other side of the house.
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Check nearby trees for broken limbs

When it’s safe to go outside, look closely at any trees near your home. Check for broken limbs and damaged trees that are still standing. If they haven’t fallen yet, they could come down at any moment. Call a professional to remove any broken limbs as soon as possible.
Avoid using alternate sources for electricity, heating, or cooking that can cause carbon monoxide poisoning

Every year, an average of 430 people die from accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. Most of these incidents occur during the winter, often due to people using gas- or charcoal-burning appliances in enclosed spaces. No matter what, do not attempt to use a gas- or charcoal-powered grill, camp stove, generator or other appliance inside your home—even if the power is out. It’s also a good idea to check that your carbon monoxide detector is in good working order.
Pay attention to your emotional recovery

It’s completely natural to feel exhausted, stressed, and drained in the aftermath of a severe winter storm or other emergency. Remember to nurture your mental health as well as physical health after a natural disaster. Eat healthily, get plenty of rest, be patient with yourself, and try to stay positive. If you need to talk to someone, call the 24-hour Red Cross Disaster Distress Hotline at 1-800-985-5990 or text “TalkWithUs’ to 66746.
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